Read past the interface.

Human Action

Mises defines human action as purposeful behavior directed toward chosen ends. Within this framework, actors use means because they expect action to replace a less satisfactory state with a more satisfactory one.

Retained from the original allowlist; locator narrows the claim.

Principles of Economics

Menger ties value to a person’s recognition that satisfaction of a need depends on command of a good. A choice in one moment does not by itself establish a permanent ranking for every future context.

Retained from the original allowlist with a narrower inference boundary.

On the Origin of Money

Menger describes indirect exchange emerging when traders accept a more saleable good to make later exchange easier. The argument is an account of one market process, not a claim that every historical currency emerged in the same institutional way.

Migrated from the market and money source cluster.

The Use of Knowledge in Society

Hayek argues that knowledge relevant to economic coordination is dispersed among many people. He describes price changes as a way to communicate some information without every participant possessing the complete underlying facts.

Retained from the original allowlist and legacy Signal Orchard sources.

Economic Calculation in the Socialist Commonwealth

Mises argues that exchange-generated money prices permit heterogeneous production plans to be compared in a common monetary unit. This is a contested argument in the calculation debate; the Lab demonstrates a simplified model rather than proving the full thesis.

Migrated from Calculation Labyrinth with a contestability label.

Price Ceilings and Price Floors

A binding price ceiling can create excess quantity demanded in a standard supply-and-demand model. Real outcomes also depend on enforcement, allocation rules, quality changes, supply response, market power, and the time horizon—details simplified by the Lab.

Added to separate the simulation mechanism from universal policy claims.

Competition and Entrepreneurship

Kirzner presents entrepreneurship as alertness to previously unnoticed opportunities within a competitive market process. A simulation can model hypothesis and discovery but cannot establish that an opportunity was objectively obvious or riskless.

Migrated from the Signal Orchard source list.

The Market as an Economic Process

Lachmann emphasizes plans, expectations, and change in an open-ended market process. Evidence can alter a plan without eliminating uncertainty or revealing a single perfect path.

Migrated from Signal Orchard and Coordination Engine sources.

The Theory of Money and Credit

Mises analyzes changes in money through individual exchanges and purchasing-power relationships rather than a single uniform price adjustment. The Lab uses an illustrative rule set and does not reproduce the book’s full monetary theory.

Migrated from Monetary Garden with a narrowed locator and model boundary.

Essay on the Nature of Trade in General

Cantillon describes monetary changes reaching people through particular spending channels rather than affecting everyone at once. The distribution and timing shown in the Lab are model outputs, not measurements of a current economy.

Added as the historical basis for sequence-of-receipt comparisons.

How Has the Monetary Transmission Mechanism Evolved Over Time?

Institutional accounts of monetary transmission include multiple channels, lags, expectations, and financial conditions. No small deterministic Lab can forecast the size, timing, or distribution of a real monetary-policy change.

Added to prevent one theoretical tradition from being presented as the only account.

A Treatise on Political Economy

Say writes that a product, once created, affords a market for other products to the extent of its own value, because the producer’s means of purchase are other products. In the same chapter he treats money as the momentary vehicle of that exchange, not as the source of demand.

Econlib text of the Prinsep translation, Book I, Chapter XV, checked for the product-and-market passage.

The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money

Keynes describes the classical teaching, from the time of Say and Ricardo, as the doctrine that supply creates its own demand. He takes that doctrine to mean that the whole of the costs of production must be spent, in aggregate, on purchasing the product, and he rejects that claim.

Chapter 2 of the General Theory, Marxists Internet Archive transcription, checked for Keynes’s own wording of the classical doctrine.

Carl Menger

Founded the Austrian school. Subjective theory of value; origin of money.

Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk

Austrian capital theory; pure time-preference theory of interest; roundaboutness.

Ludwig von Mises

Praxeology; economic calculation argument; regression theorem; systematic Austrian economics.

F. A. Hayek

Knowledge problem; spontaneous order; Austrian business-cycle theory; rule of law.

Murray Rothbard

Systematiser of the tradition; ABCT applied; monetary history; sound money.

Israel Kirzner

Entrepreneurship as alertness; market as process, not state.

Ludwig Lachmann

Heterogeneous capital; subjective expectations; kaleidic economy.

Hans-Hermann Hoppe

Argumentation ethics; time-preference analysis of political regimes.

Joseph Salerno

Reconstruction of Mises; Lange–Lerner critique; sound money.

Saifedean Ammous

Bitcoin as sound money; stock-to-flow; digital realisation of Mengerian monetary tradition.